28th June 2013
This blog was published in Portfolio Adviser
on 2nd July 2013. Follow the link:
http://www.portfolio-adviser.com/comment---analysis/growing-pains
Emerging markets have had a difficult start
to 2013. In sterling terms (as at
25/06/13) the MSCI Emerging Markets Index was down -10% whereas the S&P 500
Index gained +18.7%. Over the period, fund investors holding active managers
have been slightly better off than those investing in the index, the average
fund in the IMA sector being down -9.2%.
Those managers who have typically been more
defensive and steered their investment process towards absolute return have
sheltered investors from most of the decline. Here I am thinking of First State
and its large investment team headed by Angus Tulloch in Edinburgh. The First State Global Emerging Markets and
Global Emerging Markets Leaders Funds fell -3.0% and -3.7% respectively. Other
notable performers for the year to date include two perhaps less well-known
names, Hermes Global Emerging Markets Fund (-2.1%) and Somerset Emerging Markets
Small Cap Fund (-2.1%).
Today many of the major emerging markets -
Brazil, Russia, India and China - are suffering from growing pains, mainly
stemming from the global financial crisis, a creation of western economies. The
long term growth story for emerging markets, born out of the growth of the
middle classes and government infrastructure spending to support private
investment, is well-understood. Over the last decade the acceleration of the wealth
transfer from West to East has resulted in these economies contributing more
and more to global economic growth. However rapid growth needs to be handled
with care, particularly when coupled with the challenges inherent within structural
change and reform.
Following the 2008/9 crisis, economic growth
in emerging market economies remained robust, leading to strong investment flows.
This accelerated growth and inflation in the regions, particularly as some
authorities were reluctant to see their currencies strengthen, a development
which would undermine the competitive advantage that they had so effectively
exploited for many years. However, inflation has risen, and with increasing
domestic demand, wages have increased sharply too – in China particularly. These
economies have lost some of their competitive edge, with growing imports
deteriorating trade surpluses.
If western economies are facing some
difficult choices, so too are emerging markets, where economic growth is
slowing and inflation remains high. As a result, interest rates will have to
rise to combat inflation in consumer prices which will be negative for bond and
equity investing.
There is also a close relationship between
commodity prices and emerging markets. Producers in Brazil and Russia rely on
consumers in India and China. Slowing demand has resulted in weaker commodity
prices which have added to further selling pressure. These views on the economy
and commodity prices, I believe, have already been reflected in bond and equity
markets.
Clearly, some investors have chosen to reduce
weightings in favour of economies at a different stage of the economic cycle. Indeed,
prices have now fallen to levels where valuations are considerably cheaper relative
to those in western markets. These valuations, however, reflect the less
favourable fundamentals of today and may present an entry point for long term
investors wanting to build up their holdings.